1️⃣ First CMB Temperature Measurement at z = 0.68 via Molecular Absorption
Using ALMA observations of quasar B0218+357, astronomers measured the CMB temperature at z = 0.68 to be 4.50 ± 0.17 K — the most precise determination at this redshift from a quasar absorption system. The result is fully consistent with the Big Bang prediction T(z) = T₀ · (1+z).
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2️⃣ AT Pyx: An Eccentric Protoplanetary Disk Inside a Cometary Globule
AT Pyx hosts the first spatially resolved disk found inside a cometary globule in the Gum Nebula. The disk shows an eccentricity of e = 0.626 and spiral arms likely driven by an embedded planet of 0.004–3 Jupiter masses. Observations combined VLT instruments (XSHOOTER, ESPRESSO, SPHERE) with ALMA data.
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3️⃣ MIRACLE II: Mapping Multiphase Gas in the Nucleus of NGC 1365
A multiwavelength study of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1365 using JWST/MIRI, VLT/MUSE, and ALMA detected over 40 mid-IR emission lines. Cold and warm molecular gas follows the stellar disk rotation, while higher-ionization gas traces a nuclear outflow. For the first time, a fully self-consistent photoionization and kinematic model was applied across the full optical-to-mid-IR range.
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4️⃣ ASTRAFier: A Transformer-Based Classifier for Stellar Variability
ASTRAFier combines a Transformer architecture with BiLSTM and CNN components to classify variable stars directly from light curves — no feature engineering required. It achieves 94.26% accuracy on Kepler and 88.22% on TESS data, and has already been deployed on ~2.8 million TESS light curves with results released as a public catalog.
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5️⃣ GW190711 and GW200114: Two Asymmetric Binary Black Hole Mergers
Detailed analysis of two IAS catalog merger candidates confirms both are highly asymmetric-mass binaries. GW200114_020818 stands out with a total source-frame mass of ~220 M☉, rapidly spinning components, and a negative effective inspiral spin χeff = −0.60, indicating strong precession. The probability that its remnant black hole was retained in an elliptical galaxy is 99.7%.
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